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Collection XXI · 28 cities

The Great Streets

A retail street can be ranked, which is unusual among the things this atlas describes. Cushman & Wakefield have published Main Streets Across the World annually since 1988, measuring prime retail rent per square metre, and the result is a list of addresses ordered by what a tenant will pay to stand on them. That is the criterion here. Not taste, not reputation — rent, audited, and revised every year.

The top of it barely moves. Milan's Via Montenapoleone took first place from Fifth Avenue in 2024, and the two have traded the position with New Bond Street, Avenue des Champs-Élysées and Tsim Sha Tsui's Canton Road for a generation. What changes is the order, not the membership, and a street that has held a place on this list for thirty years is describing something more durable than fashion.

The streets divide by how they were made. Some were laid out for the purpose: Via Montenapoleone follows a Roman wall and became a fashion address only in the 1950s, when the Quadrilatero d'Oro was assembled around it by tenants rather than planners. Others inherited it. New Bond Street was a speculative Georgian development that never lost its clientele; Ginza was rebuilt in brick after the fire of 1872 by an English engineer and has been Tokyo's expensive ground ever since. Rodeo Drive is the youngest and the most deliberate — three blocks that were ordinary until the 1960s and are now the shortest street in the world with an international reputation.

A third group belongs to cities that concentrated their money on one axis because the geography allowed nothing else. Zurich's Bahnhofstrasse runs from the station to the lake on the line of a filled-in moat. Hong Kong's Canton Road faces the harbour on reclaimed ground. Seoul's Cheongdam and Shanghai's Nanjing Road are recent by comparison and behave the same way: one street doing the work that four would do in a flatter, older city.

And one entry here has no street at all. Dubai's highest-value retail address is The Dubai Mall, which is why the city appears in this collection through a building rather than an avenue. It is the clearest evidence that the collection is about concentration rather than about pavement — the question is where a city puts its most expensive square metre, and Dubai answered it indoors.

What the twenty-eight have in common is not luxury, which is available everywhere, but the decision to gather it. Each of these cities could have spread its expensive shops across a district. Each chose an address instead, and then defended it long enough for the rent to prove the point.

Global Capitals · 13
UAE

Dubai

Future Coast
In 1990 this was a trading town of low-rise creek warehouses; the Burj Khalifa topped out at 828 metres twenty…
Switzerland

Geneva

Discreet Authority
Forty international organisations sit on the lake's south shore, from the UN's European headquarters to the Red…
China

Hong Kong

Vertical Drama
Seven million people occupy a quarter of the territory because the rest is too steep to build on, and the…
UK

London

Global Classic
London never had a plan: it grew by swallowing villages, which is why Hampstead, Greenwich and Spitalfields…
Russia

Moscow

Vertical & Square
Moscow grew as concentric rings around a kremlin that has housed every Russian government since the fifteenth…
USA, NY

New York City

Urban Intensity
A single rectangular grid, drawn in 1811 and filled skyward ever since, still sets the world's mental image of…
France

Paris

Elegance as Culture
Haussmann cut boulevards through the medieval city between 1853 and 1870, and the result — uniform stone…
South Korea

Seoul

Creative Velocity
Almost nothing survived the war of 1950–53, and what stands now was built by a country that went from among the…
China

Shanghai

Cosmopolitan Momentum
The Bund's banks and trading houses were built by foreign powers between 1860 and 1930; the towers facing them…
Singapore

Singapore

Polished Modernity
An island republic no larger than a mid-sized city treats its own territory as a drawing to be revised…
Australia

Sydney

Southern Harbour
The harbour is the city's organising fact: ferries are public transport, the opera house sits on a former tram…
Japan

Tokyo

Precision & Imagination
Rebuilt twice within thirty years — after the 1923 earthquake and the 1945 firebombing — Tokyo grew as a ring…
Canada, ON

Toronto

New World Mosaic
Half the population was born outside Canada, and the city works as a federation of neighbourhoods where that…
Imperial Capitals · 3
Spain

Madrid

Royal Energy
Philip II moved the court here in 1561 from Toledo, choosing a small town near the geographic centre of Iberia…
Italy

Rome

Eternal Layers
Twenty-eight centuries of power lie here in horizontal strata — a pagan temple as a church floor, a stadium as…
Austria

Vienna

Imperial Culture
Vienna ran an empire of fifty million from a single ring of palaces, and when that empire dissolved the same…
Culture & Art Capitals · 2
Spain

Barcelona

Mediterranean Imagination
Ildefons Cerdà planned the Eixample in 1859 as an open grid with chamfered corners and gardens in every block…
Australia

Melbourne

Laneway Culture
Melbourne's laneways were built for deliveries behind the Hoddle Grid, and when the centre emptied in the 1980s…
Financial Centres · 2
Germany

Frankfurt

Financial Vertical
The European Central Bank and three hundred other banks gave this medium-sized city the country's only cluster…
Switzerland

Zurich

Precise Living
Zurich manages a large share of the world's cross-border private wealth from a compact old town, and the…
Megacities · 2
Turkey

Istanbul

Imperial Crossroads
Byzantium, Constantinople and Istanbul occupy the same peninsula, and the Bosphorus that divides Europe from…
Japan

Osaka

Kitchen of a Nation
Osaka was the rice exchange of Japan — the world's first futures market opened at Dojima in 1697 — and merchant…
Cities on Water · 1
Netherlands

Amsterdam

Canals & Liberty
The grachtengordel was laid out from 1613 as one project — four concentric canals with plots sold to fund the…
Craft & Design Capitals · 1
Denmark

Copenhagen

Northern Simplicity
Danish modernism made chairs, lamps and cutlery that are still in production sixty years on — Wegner, Jacobsen…
Fashion Capitals · 1
Italy

Milan

Design Discipline
Milan hides everything behind façades: the courtyard is the basic unit, and the difference between a grey…
Gastronomic Capitals · 1
Taiwan

Taipei

Dumplings & Dynasties
Taipei's night markets are where the city eats — Shilin and Raohe run to hundreds of stalls, and stinky tofu is…
Luxury Cities & Resorts · 1
USA, CA

Beverly Hills

Rodeo Drive
Drilling here in 1900 found water instead of oil, so the company laid out a garden suburb in 1907 with curving…
Pleasure Capitals · 1
Germany

Munich

Cultivated Order
The Reinheitsgebot of 1516 restricted beer to barley, hops and water, and Munich's six breweries still brew to…
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